The Romans were great engineers and pioneers of aqueduct systems and water tunnels. The are two aqueducts that starts approximately off 11km south of Jerusalem near Bethlehem and Hebron and channels water all the way to Jerusalem.
The two aqueducts start off in the same location, near Bethlehem, and split off in Jerusalem to a few different locations.
The aqueducts are referred to as the upper and lower aqueduct.
The upper aqueduct turns into an underground water tunnel and splits into two major water pools near the Jaffe Gate in the Old City – the first pool is the Sultan Pool and the second is the Mamilla Pool (there is also a third much smaller pool that finishes next to the Holy Sepulcher). In its entire length the upper aqueduct is approximately 20 km underground.
The lower aqueduct (in the two photos below) starts in the same location as the upper aqueduct but this is the aqueduct that channeled water straight to the Temple Mount itself.
The lower aqueduct runs 420m in length under the Armon Hanatziv Promenade and then goes straight under the Temple Mount where it end.
